Final work

This is the final artwork for assignment 3

Steps

This is the 1st step for my assignment , The flame is done by using pen tool , gradient is used to colour the flame . Gradient is used to colour the background . The factories is drew using pen tool , mesh tools is used to obtain the colour effect .
2nd step , pen tool is used to draw the outline of the smoke . Gaussion blur is used to obtain the effect for the outer smoke , radial blur is used to obtain the effect for the inner smoke

3rd step , ellipse tool is used to draw the circle , warp tool and wrinkle tool are used to obtain the melting effect on the earth , mesh tool is used to obtain the colour effect , pen tool is used to draw the continent

Statement

For this assignment i have choosen " Clean The Air " as my statement . This Statement reflects to the cleanliness of our air . The rate of pollution has increase tremendously through out the years . The causes of air pollution are open burning , gasses from the vehicle and smokes from the factories . Besides that pollution causes the thinning of the ozone layer , and the thinning of the ozone layer causes the temperature of the earth increase thus melting of the ice in the north and south poll occur .

Effect on Global Warming

increased evaporation

Increasing water vapor at Boulder, Colorado.

Over the course of the 20th century, evaporation rates have reduced worldwide ; this is thought by many to be explained by global dimming. As the climate grows warmer and the causes of global dimming are reduced, evaporation will increase due to warmer oceans. Because the world is a closed system this will cause heavier rainfall, with more erosion. This erosion, in turn, can in vulnerable tropical areas (especially in Africa) lead to desertification due to deforestation. On the other hand, in other areas, increased rainfall lead to growth of forests in dry desert areas.

Many scientists think that increased evaporation could result in more extreme weather as global warming progresses. The IPCC Third Annual Report says: "...global average water vapor concentration and precipitation are projected to increase during the 21st century. By the second half of the 21st century, it is likely that precipitation will have increased over northern mid- to high latitudes and Antarctica in winter. At low latitudes there are both regional increases and decreases over land areas. Larger year to year variations in precipitation are very likely over most areas where an increase in mean precipitation is projected"

Sea level rise

Sea level has been rising 0.2 cm/year, based on measurements of sea level rise from 23 long tide gauge records in geologically stable environments

Main article: Sea level rise

With increasing average global temperature, the water in the oceans expands in volume, and additional water enters them which had previously been locked up on land in glaciers, for example, the Greenland and the Antarctic ice sheets. An increase of 1.5 to 4.5 °C is estimated to lead to an increase of 15 to 95 cm (IPCC 2001).

The sea level has risen more than 120 metres since the peak of the last ice age about 18,000 years ago. The bulk of that occurred before 6000 years ago. From 3000 years ago to the start of the 19th century, sea level was almost constant, rising at 0.1 to 0.2 mm/yr; since 1900, the level has risen at an average of 1.7 mm/yr ; since 1993, satellite altimetry from TOPEX/Poseidon indicates a rate of about 3 mm/yr.

In a paper published 18th May 2007, the climatologist, James Hansen presented new evidence. George Monbiot, a British journalist, summarises his findings as follows:

"The IPCC predicts that sea levels could rise by as much as 59 cm this century. Hansen’s paper argues that the slow melting of ice sheets the panel expects doesn’t fit the data. The geological record suggests that ice at the poles does not melt in a gradual and linear fashion, but flips suddenly from one state to another. When temperatures increased to 2-3 degrees above today’s level 3.5 million years ago, sea levels rose not by 59 centimetres but by 25 metres. The ice responded immediately to changes in temperature."

Acidification

Main article: Ocean acidification

The world’s oceans soak up much of the carbon dioxide produced by living organisms, either as dissolved gas, or in the skeletons of tiny marine creatures that fall to the bottom to become chalk or limestone. Oceans currently absorb about one tonne of CO₂ per person per year. It is estimated that the oceans have absorbed around half of all CO₂ generated by human activities since 1800 (120,000,000,000 tonnes or 120 petagrams of carbon)

But in water, carbon dioxide becomes a weak carbonic acid, and the increase in the greenhouse gas since the industrial revolution has already lowered the average pH (the laboratory measure of acidity) of seawater by 0.1 units, to 8.2. Predicted emissions could lower it by a further 0.5 by 2100, to a level not seen for millions of years.

There are concerns that increasing acidification could have a particularly detrimental effect on corals (16% of the world's coral reefs have died from bleaching caused by warm water in 1998, which coincidentally was the warmest year ever recorded ) and other marine organisms with calcium carbonate shells.

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_global_warming

Assignment 3 - Global Warming

Assignment 3 was given and the topic is Global Warming , in order to gain idea for this assignment we were asked to do research on it . This are the few research i have done

I found this fact from : http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1206_041206_global_warming.html

• Average temperatures have climbed 1.4 degrees Fahrenheit (0.8 degree Celsius) around the world since 1880, much of this in recent decades, according to NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.

• The rate of warming is increasing. The 20th century's last two decades were the hottest in 400 years and possibly the warmest for several millennia, according to a number of climate studies. And the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports that 11 of the past 12 years are among the dozen warmest since 1850.

• The Arctic is feeling the effects the most. Average temperatures in Alaska, western Canada, and eastern Russia have risen at twice the global average, according to the multinational Arctic Climate Impact Assessment report compiled between 2000 and 2004.

• Arctic ice is rapidly disappearing, and the region may have its first completely ice-free summer by 2040 or earlier. Polar bears and indigenous cultures are already suffering from the sea-ice loss.

• Glaciers and mountain snows are rapidly melting—for example, Montana's Glacier National Park now has only 27 glaciers, versus 150 in 1910. In the Northern Hemisphere, thaws also come a week earlier in spring and freezes begin a week later.

• Coral reefs, which are highly sensitive to small changes in water temperature, suffered the worst bleaching—or die-off in response to stress—ever recorded in 1998, with some areas seeing bleach rates of 70 percent. Experts expect these sorts of events to increase in frequency and intensity in the next 50 years as sea temperatures rise.

• An upsurge in the amount of extreme weather events, such as wildfires, heat waves, and strong tropical storms, is also attributed in part to climate change by some experts.

Statistic shows that humans have caused all or most of the current planetary warming. Human-caused global warming is often called anthropogenic climate change.

• Industrialization, deforestation, and pollution have greatly increased atmospheric concentrations of water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, all greenhouse gases that help trap heat near Earth's surface. (See an interactive feature on how global warming works.)

• Humans are pouring carbon dioxide into the atmosphere much faster than plants and oceans can absorb it.

• These gases persist in the atmosphere for years, meaning that even if such emissions were eliminated today, it would not immediately stop global warming.

• Some experts point out that natural cycles in Earth's orbit can alter the planet's exposure to sunlight, which may explain the current trend. Earth has indeed experienced warming and cooling cycles roughly every hundred thousand years due to these orbital shifts, but such changes have occurred over the span of several centuries. Today's changes have taken place over the past hundred years or less.

• Other recent research has suggested that the effects of variations in the sun's output are "negligible" as a factor in warming, but other, more complicated solar mechanisms could possibly play a role.

My Final Artwork

Progression

Below is the progression of my assignment

The background is established by using rectangle tool , instead of using gradient to colour the background , i used mesh tool , i am able to established the colour that i want . the colour yellow and red is used to show the romantic mood in the calender
After creating the background , path tool is used to do the dates . the fonts i used is Loki Cola , Mesquite Std Medium , and Beyond Wonderland . Loki Cola and Beyond Wonderland are not included in the system , i downloaded this font from www.1001fonts.com .
This is the sketch i drew . the hearts and line are drawn using pen tool . A few modification are made . After drawing the hearts and lines using pen tool , instead of only pink colour , i used mesh tool to add some effect on the hearts .
This is a picture i search from the net , it shows a couple hugging each other , i trace the picture by using pen tools and the colour of the drawing is coloured by mesh tools . The hugging couples shows love .
After , sketching , drawing and tracing . All the pictures are organize in the main page . The flare is added to show that valentines day fall on the 14th of february and also add some effect to the pictures . A few circle is added to it as a decoration . The circle is drawn by using ellipse tool and coloured using gradient